2011/4/5 南方日報/李秀婷

■名詞解釋 恐艾症
愛滋病恐懼症(獲得性免疫功能缺陷綜合恐懼症)俗稱恐艾症,是一種對愛滋病的強烈恐懼,並伴隨焦慮、抑鬱、強迫、疑病等多種心理症狀和行為異常的心理障礙。不少患者認為自己的身體不適就是感染了愛滋病病毒,反復撥打熱線電話諮詢,或者反復去做愛滋病抗體檢測,對陰性結果又持懷疑態度,總認為檢測不準確或者現有試劑檢測不出來自己的病毒等。

昨日,香港某媒體報導稱:內地包括廣東在內至少六省市發現一種被稱為“陰性愛滋病”(簡稱“陰滋病”)的神秘病毒,可通過口水與血液傳播,感染途徑與愛滋病相似。這一報導迅即引來眾多網友的恐慌,有網友在大呼“恐怖”的同時,也懷疑報導是否屬實。

南方日報記者昨日就此進行調查瞭解。據悉,衛生部已經在廣東等6省進行流行病學調查,6省檢測資料已全部上報,衛生部不日將統一發佈調查結果。

消息由頭一位港人疑染上莫名病症

昨日,香港某媒體巨幅報導“驚世陰滋病”,稱患者感染“陰滋病”後,會出現淋巴腫脹、皮下出血、舌苔生絨毛等症狀,更可怕的是無法根治,而且連傳染病專家亦對該病毒毫無頭緒,但病毒卻不斷擴散,現時至少有六個省市發現該病毒,患者多達數千人。

所謂“陰滋病”,主要是指自稱染上病毒者普遍都有如盜汗、手腳麻木等與愛滋病感染極為類似的症狀,但經過多次HIV檢查卻仍顯示陰性,臨床報告也顯示他們是“無明顯的器質性病變”,因此他們自稱是“愛滋病陰性感染者”。

香港媒體報導稱,懷疑感染病毒的港人汪先生在與認識半年的香港女網友發生一次無保護措施的性行為後,從去年11月起出現淋巴腫大、舌苔長出絨毛、抵抗力不斷變差等症狀,更懷疑傳染給妻子。他擔心自己染上性病,但到醫院進行多項檢查後,結果均表明沒有感染愛滋病或性病。

該報導“出街”後,很快就被上傳至微博。記者發現,相關報導從昨天早上7時多在某知名微博上曝光後,不到中午就有約千條轉發,更多的網友則對報導半信半疑。網友“小靈仙子”說,希望衛生部門能給出一個準確說法,以免“似是而非”,影響民眾生活。

集結Q群高危性行為者交流病情

自稱患有“陰滋病”的“患者”,即使在多次檢測HIV病毒均為陰性結果後,他們卻堅持懷疑自己得病,而且是受到了“未知病毒”的感染。

昨日,記者在展開查證時發現,很多醫院都曾接觸過不少這樣的病例。患者往往在出現症狀之初,登錄愛滋病論壇,對自己的病情進行判斷,但愛滋病論壇一向以檢測結果為判斷標準。當愛滋病論壇的版主和志願者試圖說服他們“脫恐”並引發爭論後,他們進入了一個個QQ群,在群裡交流病情、用藥的經驗等。

在新浪微博上,“不明病毒感染者”的微博講述說:“我是參加北京某醫院檢測的‘五十九位病患之一’。”他表示,五十九位病患的體檢表上大部分都有相關的身體表症:口腔潰瘍、牙齦萎縮、咽炎、鼻炎,視力不同程度下降;做過淋巴檢測的基本上提示淋巴腫大。

網友“衝動是魔”和情人都檢測出陰性結果後,恐懼減輕了;之後,身上出現的紅斑,讓她又生恐懼。於是,她上網搜索相關資料,並且加入“真相群”。她最初懷疑自己是“恐”出來的,但後來發現,那些原本沒有的症狀陸續在自己身上出現,比如腸鳴、頭疼、舌苔白等。所以她堅信,這病不是“恐出來的”。

記者發現,患者大多有過高危性行為。他們把得的病描述為“一種無法檢測的、可以唾液傳播的、攻擊人類免疫系統的、類HIV病毒”。

國內專家異口同聲指出絕非愛滋病

專家異口同聲地指出,這絕非愛滋病。

廣州第八人民醫院感染科主任醫師、國家衛生部愛滋病臨床專家組專家蔡衛平曾經在病理上分析,這個人群並非感染愛滋病。

蔡衛平還稱,目前,基本上不存在抗體檢測不到的情況,雖然有極少數人某一次檢測不到,但那與自身免疫能力有關,並非永遠檢測不到,而“他們用很多方法檢測了很多次,有的人既檢測了抗體,又檢測了病毒,所以不可能檢測不到”。

桂希恩、李太生、時代強等國內愛滋病治療領域的權威專家也幾乎一致認為,這個人群所主訴的症狀,並不構成醫學意義上真正的症狀。

他們說發燒,醫生測量沒燒;他們說舌苔白,醫生認為是精神過度緊張後引起的內分泌失調;他們說淋巴結腫大,醫生說“他們摸到的淺表慢性炎症引起的淋巴結可能是肌腱”;他們說皮疹,醫生說,沒有一個人的皮膚沒有瑕疵;醫生體檢時也沒有發現有臨床意義的皮疹。

“醫學上,病人主訴很重要,但一定要有真正的體征,但是看不到他們有真正醫學意義上的體征。”衛生部愛滋病專家諮詢委員會臨床組組長、北京協和醫院感染內科主任醫師李太生說。

有專家指出,這些患者主觀感受描述得比較嚴重,卻沒有發現嚴重疾病徵兆,主要是由“恐艾症”引發了軀體症狀。中國愛滋病防治專家桂希恩認為,認為自己感染上未知病毒的人群中,至少有一部分人有心理障礙。對這個人群應該給予幫助和關心。

病學調查59個血液樣本已送美國檢測

專家們對於這些患者是否感染別的病毒,卻有不同觀點。

據香港媒體報導,廣州市衛生局副局長、廣州市傳染病研究所所長唐小平認為,目前醫學上並無“陰性愛滋病感染”,但他強調如果愛滋病抗體檢驗不呈陽性,就不可能是愛滋病或者愛滋病變種。然而,他不排除有兩種可能性,一種是這些人在進行了高危性行為之後,患上愛滋病恐懼症;一種是感染上其它病毒。

浙江省愛滋病專家組成員時代強謹慎表示,“不否認可能有未知的病毒”。

近日,衛生部疾病預防控制局相關負責人接受媒體採訪時表示,北京、上海、浙江、湖南、江蘇、廣東六省已開始流行病學調查,分析具體病因。納入流行病學調查的各省疾控中心在多個地方採集的五十九個患者血液,已送往美國的化驗室進行檢測。

其中,廣東省在2月便接到衛生部相關通知。廣東省疾控中心愛滋病防治所所長林鵬昨日表示,廣東迅速成立了專家組,包括臨床醫生、精神病學專家、流行病學專家、愛滋病學專家等展開調查工作。

林鵬在接受記者採訪時還表示,“廣東省內的七八個樣本檢測了,很清楚,不可能是艾滋”。對於是否可能是另外一種未知病毒,他強調結果將由國家統一發佈,自己不方便透露。

Yesterday a certain Hong Kong newspaper reported on the "scary Negative AIDS disease." When someone is infected, they show symptoms of lymph swelling, subcutaneous bleeding, slimy tongue, and other symptoms. This disease is incurable so far, leaving infectious disease experts clueless. The disease has continued to spread, infecting several thousand people in six mainland provinces/cities.

The so-called "negative AIDS disease" usually refers to people who suffer from cold sweating, limb numbness and other symptoms that are often associated with AIDS. But these people come up negative on AIDS after repeated testing. The clinical examination reports also showed that they do not suffer from any obvious organic infliction. Therefore these people have decided to call themselves the "negative AIDS infected patients."

According to this Hong Kong newspaper, a Hong Kong resident named Wang had unprotected sex with a Hong Kong female Internet user whom he had known only for six months. Last November he began to suffer from lymph swelling, slimy tongue and decreased immunity. He also suspected that he might have infected his wife. Because he suspected that may have caught a sexually transmitted disease, he took multiple tests but came up negative for AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases.

This newspaper report was quickly picked up on the mainland microblogs. Our reporter saw that a certain famous microblogger posted it at just after 7am. Before noon, it was already forwarded more than 1,000 times. Many netizens sway between believing and unbelieving. One netizen asked the Ministry of Health to come out with an accurate statement to allay concerns.

Yesterday, our reporter began to investigate. Many hospitals have come across these cases. When the symptoms show up, the victims often proceed to AIDS-related Internet forums and diagnose their own conditions. But the AIDS forums usually only take test results as the sole basis. When the AIDS webmasters and other volunteers tried to allay the fears of these suspected victims, the latter decided to break away to set up QQ groups to discuss their own conditions and treatements.

At Sina.com Weibo, the user "Person infected by unknown virus" wrote: "I am one of the 59 patients who participated in the examination conducted by a certain Beijing hospital." According to him, these 59 patients also exhibited the same physical symptoms: mouth ulcers, shriveling gums, pharyngitis, rhinitis, deteriorating eyesight, lymph swelling.

The netizen "Rashness is Devilish" and her boyfriend both tested negative for AIDS and their fears were allayed. But then she began to develop erythema and she got worried again. She went on the Internet to search for information and joined the QQ "Truth Group." At first, she thought that these symptoms arose due to hypochondria. But then she developed other symptoms such as gurgling sounds, headaches and slimy tongue. Now she is firmly convinced that she is not being hypochondriac.

The reporter also found that most of these people had engaged in risky sexual behavior before. They described their disease as "an undetectable HIV-like virus which can spread via saliva and attack the human immune system."

At the Guangzhou Number 8 Hospital, the Infectious Diseases Department director Cai Weiping said that these people could not be suffering from AIDS infection based upon their conditions. Cai Weiping said that there is no way that the antibodies are undetectable. A very small number of persons may be misdiagnosed during a single test, but they can't be misdiagnosed all the time. "They have undergone many different types of tests many times. There is no way that the antibodies could go undetected."

Other Chinese AIDS experts are also almost uniform in saying that the current symptoms for this group do not constitute any medically significant symptoms: These people claimed to be feverish but the doctors could not measure any fever; they claimed to have slimy tongue furs, but the doctors think that they have unbalanced secretions due to nervous tension; they claim to have lymph swelling, but the doctors found that the so-called enlarged lymph nodes were just their muscles; they said that they have skin rashes, but the doctors cannot find any clinically significant skin rash.

Some experts say that these people are providing subjectively significant symptoms but they do not exhibit any major objective symptoms. The existing symptoms are more likely to have been induced by AIDS phobia.

According to the Hong Kong newspaper, the Guangzhou City Department of Health deputy director Tang Xiaoping said that there is no such things as "negative AIDS" in the existing medical science. So if these people do not test positive for the HIV antibodies, they could not be suffering from AIDS or variants. However, Tang allowed for two possibilities. Some of these people are suffering from AIDS phobia after engaging in high-risk sex. Other people may have been infected by some other kind of virus.

The Ministry of Health Center for Disease Prevention and Control leader said that they have conducted epidemiological studies in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangsu and Guangdong on this matter. Blood samples from 59 patients collected from these locations have been sent to the Center for Disease Control in the United States of America for analysis.

In the case of Guangdong province, they were notified in February by the Ministry of Health and they have set up an investigation team consisting of clinical doctors, psychologists, epidemiologists and AIDS experts. The Guangdong province Center for Disease Control AIDS Prevention and Treatment Department director Li Peng said: "We have tested seven to eight samples in Guangdong province, and this clearly cannot be AIDS." He declined to say whether it was another unknown virus because that kind of announcement should be made at the national level.
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